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| vocal = soloists and choir | instrumental = }} ''ドイツ語:Christ lag in Todes Banden'' (Christ lay in death's bonds),〔 also written ''ドイツ語:Christ lag in Todesbanden'', , is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is one of his earliest cantatas, and probably intended for a performance at Easter in 1707, related to his application for a post at Mühlhausen. John Eliot Gardiner describes the work as Bach's "first-known attempt at painting narrative in music".〔 It is a chorale cantata, a type of composition in which both text and music are based on a Lutheran hymn, in this case Martin Luther's hymn of the same name. In each of the seven vocal movements, Bach used the unchanged words of one of the seven stanzas of the chorale, and its tune as a cantus firmus. == Composition history == ''Christ lag in Todes Banden'' survives in a version from the 1720s when Bach was working in Leipzig.〔 He incorporated the work into his second cycle of Leipzig cantatas, the so-called chorale cycle based on Lutheran hymns. This cantata fits the cycle in the sense that it is based on a chorale, but its style is different from the others and it is generally accepted that it was originally composed much earlier. In the context of Bach's career, its style implies a date between 1707 and 1713, but the musical language looks back to the seventeenth century. Commentators find parallels with music by composers such as Purcell.〔 Some of these parallels may be accidental in the sense that Bach would not have known the music in question. However, it is possible to draw conclusions about which composers influenced the young Bach. In particular, the cantata shows similarities to a composition of Johann Pachelbel based on the same Easter chorale.〔 There is no evidence that Pachelbel met Bach, but he was the teacher of Bach's brother Johann Christoph Bach, who in turn taught the young Johann Sebastian. Another of Pachelbel's works appears to be referenced in the early Bach cantata, ''Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich'', BWV 150. There has been speculation that Bach wished to pay tribute to Pachelbel after his death in 1706.〔Tadashi Isoyama's liner notes to volume one of the Bach Collegium Japan's cantata set.〕 There is documentary evidence suggesting that this Easter Sunday cantata was premiered in 1707. It is known that Bach performed a cantata of his own composition at Easter in 1707 as a part of his application for the post of organist of Divi Blasii church, Mühlhausen, and this may have been ''Christ lag in Todes Banden''.〔 He was then twenty-two. The work is generally seen as remarkably accomplished for this early stage of his career. He was already demonstrating similar ingenuity in keyboard music, but it is a significant milestone in his vocal music, being seven years before his sequence of Weimar cantatas, begun in 1714 with ドイツ語:''Himmelskönig, sei willkommen'', BWV 182, and 17 years before he started a complete annual cycle of chorale cantatas in Leipzig in the middle of 1724 with ドイツ語:''O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort'', BWV 20. There are, however, a few cantatas surviving from either the Mühlhausen period or, like this one, possibly from his years at Arnstadt, and these early works include some fine writing. Christoph Wolff suggests that Bach may have composed other cantatas that early cantatas which he did not think worth preserving.〔Wolff, Christoph. ''Johann Sebastian Bach: the learned musician''. OUP. 2001〕 Bach also wrote other settings of the tune, including two chorale preludes, BWV 625 and BWV 718. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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